Key words new materials, superhard materials|2019-06-26 10:12:11|Source Global
Abstract The industrialization process of human society for more than 200 years shows that materials have always been the material basis and condition guarantee for the development of emerging industries and the advancement of science and technology. As with the material itself, the manufacturing process is also an important area of material engineering. The two are closely related, mutually supportive, and...
The industrialization process of human society for more than 200 years shows that materials have always been the material basis and condition guarantee for supporting the development of emerging industries and the advancement of science and technology.
As with the material itself, the manufacturing process is also an important area of material engineering. The two are closely related, mutually supportive and mutually reinforcing. It can be said that the performance and life of the material depend on the chemical composition and structure of the material itself, and on the other hand, the maturity and advancement of the manufacturing process.
In the new century, a new round of technology and industrial revolution led by new energy and new materials, the fourth industrial revolution, has begun to take off, and new materials at the forefront of contemporary high-tech development have entered a new stage of development. A leap from basic to subversive is being realized.
Future materials and processes
Frontier new materials refer to a class of materials with supernatural superior performance or supernormal special functions, such as two-dimensional materials represented by graphene; intelligent biomimetic materials supporting artificial intelligence and robots; Biomedical materials such as smart medical, biochip, and cell therapy that have undergone tremendous changes in the medical industry; clean renewable energy materials that use distributed energy as the mainstream to trigger changes in energy structure; stealth metamaterials that can change the propagation characteristics of light; Superconducting materials with broad application prospects in magnetic levitation transportation, controlled thermonuclear reaction, energy storage, etc.; liquid metal materials for flexible wearable electronic communication and artificial intelligence equipment; and green life cycle environment for sustainable development of human society Materials, etc.
Materials change the future. The cutting-edge new materials will show the broad prospects of the new world for mankind, enhance the confidence of mankind to expand its own survival and development space, and will be aware of human cognition, thinking, values, format and market allocation, wealth distribution, lifestyle and social form. Produce disruptive changes.
Therefore, developed countries have taken the research and application of cutting-edge new materials as the entry point for a new round of science and technology and industrial revolution, and have formulated various development plans, integrated and optimized resource allocation, and increased funding support. In particular, it guides and encourages large-scale leading enterprises in the materials industry to achieve strong alliances or form strategic alliances across industries and industries, forming a new monopoly on the global market.
The manufacturing process focuses on the relationship between the manufacturing process and the final use efficiency of the material. It mainly selects and researches the optimized manufacturing process and equipment, and the optimal process route according to the composition, composition and performance characteristics of the material. And process conditions, quality control of the molding process, etc., to obtain the best performance, quality and longevity of the final product or part.
In fact, the superior performance or special function of a certain product or part of a material is given, and the formation of its material structure and structure characteristics is often achieved by optimizing the process route and process conditions. For example, the crystallization behavior of materials, including metal materials and polymer materials, different process conditions will lead to different crystallization processes and crystallization behavior, resulting in a material difference in the final crystalline and macroscopic properties of the material, so the control of the crystallization behavior of the material, It will eventually be implemented to optimize process conditions such as temperature and time.
The manufacturing process of new materials has become an indispensable branch of new materials development and application, especially the promotion of computer digitization and informationization, and rapidly promotes the manufacturing process to automation, digitization, intelligence, enhanced virtual, and additive manufacturing ( 3D printing) and other directions are rapidly developing.
At present, the world's leading companies in new materials and manufacturing processes are mainly concentrated in the United States, Europe and Japan.
Leader in all fields
Dow and DuPont, which are mainly engaged in the development and application of polymer materials, are the 100-year old chemical companies in the United States. Founded in 1897, Dow Chem.'s business scope includes functional products, high-tech materials, basic materials, health and agricultural technology. Du Pont was founded in 1802 and its business includes electronic materials, electronic communications, and polymer materials.
In 2015, Dow Chemical and DuPont merged to form a new company, Dow DuPont, to become the world's largest chemical company. The main products are new polymer materials, including new plastics, rubber, paints, coatings, fibers, etc. Among them, aramid is on A high-performance special fiber developed by DuPont in the 1960s, widely used in composite materials, special protective clothing, electronic equipment, etc., Dow and DuPont still have a global monopoly on the market share of this product.
In the field of metal materials, Alcoa is the world leader in aluminum manufacturing, and is committed to producing sustainable aluminum products that are widely used and recyclable. Advantages include aluminum rolled parts, forgings, fasteners, and wheels. Pieces, precision castings, and other light metals such as titanium and nickel superalloys are also used for high-end manufacturing in the aerospace industry.
Alcoa's AmpliforgeTM process uses Alcoa design and 3D printed parts, and then uses a more traditional manufacturing process, namely forging, to finalize its manufacture. Alcoa's research has confirmed that this new technology improves the performance of 3D printed parts, such as hardness and strength, compared to parts made with conventional additive technology without further forging. Alcoa also says that Ampliforge technology reduces material consumption and simplifies the production process compared to traditional forging processes.
Sweden's Sandvik Group is a leading global manufacturer of advanced materials products, including superhard material metal cutting tools, construction and mining equipment, advanced stainless steel, specialty alloys, titanium, metal and ceramic resistor materials. High value-added products, as well as process systems.
In the field of glass materials, CORNING is a global leader in special glass and ceramic materials. Its product strength lies in flexible display, special functional ceramics and other key components of mobile Internet equipment, telecommunications and life science products. In the field of optoelectronic technology, it has become one of the largest fiber manufacturers in the world.
Corning recently launched its latest breakthrough in the semiconductor glass carrier industry – advanced package carriers. Optimized for the fan-out process, the industry's leading semiconductor packaging technology, this advanced glass carrier wafer is designed to deliver smaller, faster chips for consumer electronics, automotive and other connected devices.
Corning's advanced packaged glass carrier offers three significant improvements: a wide range of thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) options available; a high hardness component; and a fast sample lead time.
These features are critical for customers who use fan-out packages: multiple thermal expansion coefficients allow the customer to freely choose the package product needed to minimize wafer distortion during the packaging process, so precise coefficients will help Customers shorten the product development cycle; the high hardness components of Corning's advanced package carriers also help to further reduce wafer distortion during the packaging process, maximizing the yield of chip packages; rapid sample lead times also help to shorten The development cycle enables customers to get to mass production faster.
Japan's Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (AGC) Glass Co., Ltd. is the world's second largest glass products company. Its products are various glass products and semi-finished products, and a small number of chemical products. Currently, it is sold to liquid crystal display manufacturers, as well as automotive and lighting industries. Construction industry, etc.
Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. recently announced the development of a quartz lens for deep-UV LEDs that integrates quartz window material and lens without the need for transparent glue. At the same time, the "special welding" developed by Asahi Glass allows customers to simply heat and pressurize in the atmosphere without the need for large-scale deoxidation equipment.
In addition, due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the package and the window, the "special solder" is soft and relieves thermal stress and therefore does not break or leak. By these means, the deep UV LED manufacturing process can be greatly simplified and the investment can be reduced.
France's Saint-Gobain's main materials include flat glass and high-performance materials, including automotive glass, glass packaging, thermal insulation, glass reinforced fiber, ceramic plastics, abrasives, piping systems and building materials. .
In the field of electronic materials, Applied Materials of the United States is a semiconductor and display manufacturing equipment company, mainly engaged in emerging technologies and products such as semiconductors, advanced displays, solar photovoltaic manufacturing, flexible coatings, and automation software.
According to information released by Applied Materials recently, leading companies in the industry are using their 10.5-generation line of production equipment to produce larger, brighter, more colorful 8-K TVs. The 10.5 generation line is the world's largest glass substrate (3370mm × 2940mm) production line, which can efficiently use almost a whole glass substrate. Each substrate can produce up to eight 65-inch or six 75-inch TV panels.
Applied Materials' 10.5 generation line of devices delivers smaller and faster thin film transistors (TFTs) by achieving superior deposition uniformity of key films such as metal oxides, improving the resolution and performance of next-generation display panels. Drive high definition TV.
The device includes two high-performance physical deposition systems (PVD) for thin film transistor (TFT) array processing - the AKTPiVot system, and the AKT-NAR3000 PVD system for color filters, in addition to the industry's only one. The production-proven plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, AKT-100K PECVD, is optimized for deposition of metal oxides on 10.5-generation wire substrates.
Japan's Shinevsu is one of the world's largest suppliers of semiconductor wafers, and its silicon-based product line also includes the silicone series. Shin-Etsu is also an important supplier of rare earth magnets, semiconductor photoresists, epoxy molding compounds and liquid epoxy packaging materials such as hard disk drives (HDD).
As the leading company of IC circuit board silicon, Shin-Etsu is always at the forefront of large diameter and high flatness. It first developed the cutting-edge 300mm silicon wafer and realized the mass production and stable supply of SOI silicon wafer. At the same time, it consistently produced GaP (gallium phosphide), GaAs (gallium arsenide) and AIGaInP (phosphorylation) in light-emitting diodes. Aluminum gallium indium) compound semiconductor single crystal and slice.
Shin-Etsu can produce single crystal silicon with 11 9 (99.999999999%) purity and uniform crystal structure, which is the world's leading level. The process can cut and crystallize single crystal silicon to form silicon wafer. The surface flatness is below 1 micron.
In the field of carbon fiber, Hexcel Composites is the largest producer of carbon fiber and fiber products in the United States and a leading manufacturer of high performance composite materials worldwide. Its technical strength is the development and manufacture of lightweight, high-performance composite materials, including carbon fiber, reinforced fabrics, prepregs, honeycomb cores, resin systems, adhesives and composite components for use in civil aircraft, aerospace, defense and general industries. It is a secondary supplier of Boeing.
Japan's Toray Group is one of the world's largest suppliers of carbon fiber. Its main products are polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, including high-strength and high-modulus products. High-strength carbon fiber has grown from the original T300 to T800, and then to T1200, the tensile strength has nearly doubled. Carbon fiber is a strategic material mainly used in various aircraft structures and spacecraft structures. It has the advantages of light weight, high strength, energy saving and emission reduction. The dosage in B-787 and A-350 has reached 50% and 52% respectively. .
Recently, Toray announced in its official website that the company has developed the world's highest level of hydrogen purification polymer separation membrane. This polymer separation membrane is capable of selectively and highly permeating hydrogen from a hydrogen-containing mixed gas. The key points of this technology are two points: heat-resistant and pressure-resistant porous substrate design; high selectivity and permeability of hydrogen through precision pore size control technology. The company also claims that the new separation membrane has hydrogen permeability and selective separation that far exceeds the performance of traditional polymer membranes.
In addition, Germany's SGL Group-The Carbon Company is one of the world's leading manufacturers of carbon graphite materials and related products, with a complete business chain from carbon graphite products to carbon fiber and composite materials. .
Comprehensive leader
In addition to companies with their own strengths in their respective fields, globally, some integrated materials companies cover all modern high-tech fields such as energy, biomedical, information, aerospace, marine, and environmental. Material technology innovation, new product development and application, industry scale, industrial technology and global market share are all leading the world.
For example, 3M Company of the United States has developed nearly 70,000 products based on various materials for more than 100 years, covering home, medical, education, electronics, communications, transportation, construction and other fields. Its products and technologies have been deeply integrated into modern times. Technology and people's lives.
Japan's most representative integrated materials companies include Mitsui Chemicals, Mitsubishi Chem., and Hitachi-Metals.
Mitsui Chemicals is one of the largest chemical conglomerates in Japan. Its main business includes the development, production and supply of value-added specialty chemicals, plastics and other materials for automotive, medical, packaging, agriculture, construction, industrial, paper, textile. And the semiconductor and electronics markets.
Mitsubishi Chemical's main areas include functional materials and plastic products (including information and electronics, specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals), petrochemicals, carbon and agricultural products. Although functional materials such as aluminum, sheet metal products, and plastic packaging account for more than 55% of sales, the company has long-term goals.
Mitsubishi Chemical's main areas include functional materials and plastic products (including information and electronics, specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals), petrochemicals, carbon and agricultural products. Although functional materials such as aluminum, sheet metal products, and plastic packaging account for more than 55% of sales, the company has long-term goals for specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
Mitsubishi Chemical has been discussing the promotion of overseas carbon products business in the past two years. The company will refine the coal by coke oven at high temperature, and produce tar to form needle coke through heat treatment. Needle coke can be used not only as a graphite electrode for electric furnaces, but also as a negative electrode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries, and has an urgent demand in the market.
In view of the fact that there is no room for production of raw tar in Japan, Mitsubishi Chemical hopes to find new raw materials in China, India and other countries to further expand its carbon products business.
Hitachi Metal's products cover electronics, automotive, machinery, construction and the environment, such as IT components and materials, magnetic applications, flat panel displays, computer and semiconductor integrated circuit devices, automotive parts and materials, environmental systems products, aerospace And nuclear power industry materials.
BASF SE is one of the largest chemical plants in the world. The mainstream products are mainly chemicals and plastics, from natural gas, petrochemical raw materials and other raw materials to the complete industrial chain, covering chemicals, medicines and plastics. In the technical fields such as environmental protection, it has leading advantages in the fields of electronic communication, aerospace, biology, modern transportation, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Recently, BASF presented a series of innovative materials developed by it, including innovative materials for sound-insulating and flame-retardant automotive hoods, new polymer dispersions, and sustainable coatings.
Car hoods with innovative materials provide peace and comfort to the vehicle. This is a polyurethane integral foam solution with an open-cell structure that is lightweight, sound-insulated, and highly flame-retardant, making the interior quieter and providing a better in-car experience for the driver.
BASF has also developed a new polymer dispersion, Styrofan PLUS 7552. This dispersion can improve the performance of the waterproof membrane, especially in the kitchen, bathroom and swimming pool environment, the mechanical strength of the waterproof membrane and the anti-detergent and bleaching resistance of the waterproofing membrane are improved, thereby prolonging the service life.
In addition, DSM is an international chemical raw materials and pharmaceuticals group with a leading position in many fields. DSM's chemical products, composite fiber intermediates, and composite resins are used in aerospace, automotive, marine, construction, electrical and electronic, life protection, alternative energy, and bio-based materials.
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