Superhard Material mainly refers to diamond and cubic boron nitride, with excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, acoustic, electrical and biological properties, enjoy the reputation of "the king of materials", they can not only process all the known materials in the world, but also can be made into extreme functional devices. It is irreplaceable in many application fields.
"The several opinions about accelerate the development of the equipment manufacturing industry under the State Council and the national medium and long-term science and technology development planning outline explicitly pointed out that development of large, precision, high speed CNC equipment and CNC system and features, large change, high precision nc machine tools most dependent on imports of the status quo, to meet the needs of the development of mechanical, aerospace and other industrial. "Strategic Emerging Industries Classification (2018)" listed "artificial diamond" as "advanced inorganic non-metallic materials" in "Strategic Emerging Industries Classification"; "Diamond and metal composite materials" and "diamond and metal composite products" are listed as "high-performance fiber composite materials and products" in the "Strategic Emerging Industry Classification", which are new materials of national key development.
The release of relevant policy documents strongly encourages the development of superhard material industry, and actively promotes the rapid development of superhard material manufacturing technology and tools and equipment in China. With the support of national policies, superhard materials industry is embracing historic strategic development opportunities.
Only by mastering the core technology of high-end superhard materials and products can we fundamentally solve the backward status of high precision CNC equipment in China. In order to achieve the high-end equipment industry, particularly aerospace, IT manufacturing, the rapid development of advanced science and technology industry, such as high-speed rail, must invest the necessary resources in our country, in the following areas in combination with related colleges and universities, research institutes and enterprises collaborative research, independent research and development of precision and ultra-precision machining tools technology, for China has reached the world advanced level of high-end manufacturing to provide technical support.
Ultra-precision machining technology for aeroengines and their blades
Aero engine is the "heart" of an aircraft and the source of power. The problem of "heart disease" has always been the bottleneck of the development of China's aviation industry. Although China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the development of domestic engines every year, in 2017, the domestic aircraft engine CJ-1000 was successfully installed by the hands of commercial aircraft, successfully passed the ignition test, and has reached the design level, but from the completion of the design test to the large-scale production of the engine, it will take a long time. Engineers estimate that it will take about five years, so so far, domestic aircraft have not been equipped with domestic engines. Currently, aero-engines are heavily dependent on imports, and processing of key parts of aero-engines and blades requires precision less than 1μm, surface roughness less than 1000nm, small residual stress on workpiece surface and long service life of machining tools. Therefore, it is urgent to develop high-speed grinding tools, high-efficiency super-hard composite tools and high-precision honing tool technology, and apply complex machining technologies such as turning, milling, grinding, drilling and soft polishing to meet the demands of ultra-precision machining of aeroengines.
Flattening of single crystal silicon wafers for large-scale integrated circuits
China's large-scale integrated circuit chip imports in 2020 (370 billion US dollars). China produces about 1.3 billion mobile phones, 405.092 million computers and 196.262 million color TV sets every year, all of which rank first in the world. However, in 2020, China will import more than 2.4 trillion chips, more than twice that of oil, and the domestic self-sufficiency rate is less than 6%. The key problem of chip processing is that the surface precision is very high, the micro-roughness should reach 0.1-1nm, and the unflatness should be 10nm. Ultra-precision machining has become a bottleneck restricting the development of Chips in China, and it is urgent to develop and drive key technologies such as nano-diamond polishing fluid and ultra-precision grinding tools
Ultra precision processing for IT, LED, photovoltaic industry and intelligent terminal manufacturing. It is understood that CMP polishing materials account for 7% of the cost of all kinds of materials required for wafer manufacturing, in which polishing fluid and polishing pad account for 49% and 33% of polishing materials respectively. In the field of CMP polishing fluid, China started late.
High speed and precision grinding technology of high speed railway track
In 2020, China's total length of high-speed rail exceeded 37,900 km, firmly ranking first in the world. High-speed rail has become China's "business card" to the world. According to the National Medium - and Long-term Railway Network Planning, the total length of railway in operation will reach 170,000 km in 2025. The four core technologies of high-speed railway are high-speed locomotive technology, rail technology, tunnel technology and operation and control technology. High-speed rail technology requires that the grinding height difference of rail plate is less than 0.2mm, and the grinding precision of rail should also reach 0.1mm. The construction and daily maintenance of high-speed rail require a large number of special grinding machines and high-speed rail grinding locomotives, as well as matching high-speed and efficient grinding diamond grinding wheels and resin grinding wheels.
Precision machining technology of automobile engine and its key parts
In 2020, the production and sales volume of Chinese automobiles exceeded 25 million, accounting for 32.46% of the global total. However, the ultra-precision manufacturing tools required by China's automobile industry still rely on imports, and the development of key parts of equipment manufacturing, automobile engines and other related enterprises is seriously restricted by ultra-precision manufacturing technology. It is urgent to break through the manufacturing technology of high-efficiency PCD and PCBN cutting tools, high-speed grinding wheels and precision honing tools, and improve the precision of key automobile parts, so as to shorten the running in period of automobile by 1/3 ~ 1/2 and increase the service life by 10% ~ 20%.
Smart phone, sapphire single crystal screen and other key components of precision grinding and polishing technology
China will produce more than 1.3 billion mobile phones in 2020. To improve production efficiency, it is necessary to develop precision machining tools with superhard materials. However, most of the related super hard cutting tools and precision grinding tools are dependent on imports, and most of the profits in the production process of intelligent terminal flow to foreign tool manufacturers. The production mode of "designed in the United States, tools used in Germany and Japan, assembled in China" is in urgent need of change. Superhard materials and products technology is one of the key technologies to break through this mode and realize the transformation and upgrading of electronic processing industry.
The production technology of superhard materials and products is the key technology to develop high precision and high quality ultra-precision manufacturing tools. Need collaborative colleges and universities, research institutes, production and application of domestic enterprises jointly, break through the high quality single crystal and composite superhard materials, functional components of superhard materials, high speed high precision grinding, high precision and high efficiency of hard material cutting and drilling tools, ultra-precision polishing abrasive, the key techniques such as aviation, automobile, electronics and other pillar industries in our country's transformation and upgrading, At the same time to promote the development of machinery, bearing and other industries.
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